Phillies veteran shortstop Jimmy Rollins was benched after a pair of baserunning blunders Thursday in Philadelphia's 3-2 win over the New York Mets Mike Purcell Jersey , according to an ESPN report.

Rollins was pulled for the start of the seventh inning after a pair of mistakes in the sixth.

Rollins failed to run hard on a dropped popup that could have put him on second base. He stole second base, then was caught in a rundown on a grounder and was tagged out.

How Cryo Services Make Metals Stronger How Cryo Services Make Metals Stronger August 17, 2014 | Author: Ina Hunt | Posted in Education

Heat is needed to process ores into liquid metals, but is not actually the final production step. Pictures of molten metal cascading from huge buckets in steel plants are common, but few realize that extreme low temperatures also play a role in metal manufacturing, as well as in many other industrial applications. Cryo services get their name from the Greek word for icy cold, and involve a wide spectrum of processes and products.

The public became aware of cryogenics primarily through popular films. It involves freezing deceased people in order to re-animate them when advances in medical science enable them to be cured of the disease that originally killed them. Although that concept is fascinating, the extreme low-temperatures used during metal production are probably a more immediately practical application of those physical processes.

Greater strength at the molecular level means greater product durability in the marketplace. Following the standard forging and casting process, most steel is then passed through another comparatively high-temperature process designed to reduce the vulnerability of flawed internal crystalline formations. Called austenite, these formations can be transformed into a comparatively stronger form called martensite by using temperature reduction methods.

After being being subjected to controlled low temperatures DeForest Buckner Jersey , analysis usually reveals a substantial and beneficial decrease in the small imperfections normally left behind. Although not completely absent, the weaker structures are greatly reduced, making the metal less prone to failure. Increasing the amount of martensite is not the only advantage of this process, which also helps regulate the amount of carbon present.

Carbon levels, along with additional elements, determine to a large extent the tensile strength of steel, while also contributing to ductility and overall hardness. Extreme low-temperature processes increase the numbers of particles dubbed eta-carbides, for reasons that are not yet fully scientifically understood. These particles increase inherent hardness in a way that is measurable and visible using x-rays or an electron microscope.

The most common cause of breakage under stress is known as metal fatigue, and is one result of the small imperfections that develop when steel solidifies while cooling. These stress lines may be microscopic, but they provide an opportunity for the development of serious cracks during use. These minute faults are reduced by cold processing Steve Young 49ers Jersey , adding to safety and durability, while resisting brittleness and abrasive edges.

These processes can be applied both to raw metal and to finished products such as tools. Companies providing the service combine both old analog and newer digital technology to treat these objects, often using a dry method. Following a precisely timed schedule, temperatures are maintained at super cooled levels, then brought slowly back to room temperature without damaging any related structures.

Metal production is only one industry enjoying the benefits of extreme-cold processes. Frozen food companies employ liquid nitrogen to quickly lock in as many nutrients as possible. Hospitals increasingly employ cryo-tools to treat skin problems including tumors, and to more precisely remove tissue. Energy giants transport massive amounts of super-cooled gases in the form of liquid. Ultra-low temperature treatments have become a necessary and important part of modern life.

Read more about Cryo Services Play An Important Role In Metal Production.

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